Welcome to the Education Subject Guide
The StMU Library is here to support you with your academic research needs. These subject guides are curated to provide you with the information you need to get started in your course.
Credible. Reliable. Curated.
This guide is an excellent starting point for research, but please contact us if you can't find what you are looking for. We're happy to assist you by email, phone a virtual meeting or, if you're near the Library, stop by for a visit.
Stay on top of the latest research from your favourite journals and databases with email alerts.
Books, journals, and databases help you locate background information, peer-reviewed articles and reference resources.
The web is a goldmine if you know where to look. We've done the mining for you to compile online resources that will make your work easier.
Below are some suggested databases for Education.
Databases allow you to search collections of journals, articles, books, topic reviews, evidence-based summaries and drug information. StMU databases include Core Databases which are curated collections focusing on a specific subject area and Multidisciplinary Databases which provide broad subject coverage in all areas of undergraduate study.
Full-text content and in-depth indexing and abstracts from leading trade and industrial journals, professional and technical society journals.
Education Research Complete is a robust database for education students, professionals and policymakers. Providing hundreds of full-text education journals, it covers all levels of education, from early childhood to higher education, plus multilingual education, health education and testing.
ERIC is a web-based digital library of free education-related sources of interest to educators, researchers, and the general public, and consists primarily of electronic bibliographic records describing journal and non-journal literature.
CBCA Complete is a current events database combining content from four subsets (Business, Current Events, Education, and Reference).
This collection expands JSTOR’s coverage in economics, law, education, sociology, psychology, and public policy and administration. It includes noteworthy student-run law reviews, featuring more than a century of top legal scholarship.
Covering all major academic disciplines, Academic Search Elite is a rich resource spanning a broad stretch of academic subjects with thousands of full-text journals and abstracted and indexed journals.
Films On Demand is a streaming video service containing outstanding educational programs. Many programs from the History Channel, Biography Channel, BBC, PBS and other news channels are included in this collection.
This collection includes documentaries, animations, experimental films, fiction and interactive works. It showcases films that take a stand on issues of global importance that matter to Canadians—stories about the environment, human rights, international conflict, the arts and more.
There is nothing wrong with using the internet. You can find very helpful resources on the web but you should know where and when is the right time to use the internet versus a Library database.
Don't hesitate to ask We're happy to assist you in person, by phone, or by MS Teams.
Anytime, anywhere StMU students, staff, and faculty have access to all of the online resources offsite. Simply enter your credentials.
Having problems with offsite access? Make sure you're selecting OpenAthens when given an option. Check out our guide on OpenAthens External Authentication for detailed support.
The StMU Library provides access to hundreds of scholarly journals to keep you up to date with the latest evidence, research, and discussion in your field. If we don't have access to the article you're looking for, fill out an ILL Request and we'll bring in a copy for free. Below you will find links to core, full-text Education journals as well as information about assessing articles found on the web.
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The StMU Library provides access to hundreds of scholarly journals to keep you up to date with the latest evidence, research, and discussion in your field.
If we don’t have access to the article you’re looking for, fill out an ILL Request and we’ll bring in a copy for free.
Below you will find links to core, full-text Education journals as well as information about assessing articles found on the web.
eJOURNALS
Immediate online access
Browse the A-Z listing of all journals available to the StMU community.
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NOT A STUDENT?
No problem
Full-text access is available on campus.
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STAY CURRENT
Alerts sent to your email
The catalogue is designed with busy researchers in mind. Save searches and receive notifications when new resources become available.
Journal of Science Teacher Education (JSTE) is the flagship journal of the Association for Science Teacher Education. It serves as a forum for disseminating high quality research and theoretical position papers concerning preservice and in-service education of science teachers. The Journal features pragmatic articles that offer ways to improve classroom teaching and learning, professional development, and teacher recruitment and retention at pre K-16 levels
An official journal of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM), JRME is the premier research journal in mathematics education and is devoted to the interests of teachers and researchers at all levels–preschool through college.
The main purpose of the Journal of Educational Psychology® is to publish original, primary psychological research pertaining to education across all ages and educational levels. A secondary purpose of the Journal is the occasional publication of exceptionally important theoretical and review articles that are pertinent to educational psychology. Please note, the Journal does not typically publish reliability and validity studies of specific tests or assessment instruments.
Reading Research Quarterly is the leading global journal offering multidisciplinary scholarship on literacy among learners of all ages, including the latest research studies (methods, results, effects, findings, and implications).
The Review of Educational Research (RER) publishes critical, integrative reviews of research literature bearing on education, including conceptualizations, interpretations, and syntheses of literature and scholarly work in a field broadly relevant to education and educational research.
Science Education publishes original articles on the latest issues and trends occurring internationally in science curriculum, instruction, learning, policy and preparation of science teachers with the aim to advance our knowledge of science education theory and practice.
Sociology of Education (SOE), published quarterly, provides a forum for studies in the sociology of education and human social development. SOE publishes research that examines how social institutions and individuals’ experiences within these institutions affect educational processes and social development. Such research may span various levels of analysis, ranging from the individual to the structure of relations among social and educational institutions.
There is nothing wrong with using journal articles you’ve found on the internet, there’s plenty of high quality information out there. But, there are a few things you should know about Academic, Open Access, and Predatory journals before you start.
SCHOLARLY, ACADEMIC, AND PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS
Scholarly, academic, and peer-reviewed journals contain articles written by and for faculty, researchers, and scholars in a particular field.
These resources are typically published by academic organizations, utilize specialist or scholarly language, and adhere to strict standards of referencing throughout.
Not all scholarly and academic journals are peer-reviewed.
To see if a print journal is peer-reviewed, check the ‘publication information’ at the front of the journal.
For electronic journals, information regarding the peer-review process can usually be found on the ‘About the Journal’ or ‘Notes for Authors’ page of the journal’s website.
Peer reviewed articles are identified in the Library catalogue.
Streamline your search process by limiting searches to limit results to include only peer-reviewed journals and articles.
JOURNALS & ARTICLES ON THE INTERNET
The internet provides access to vast amounts of information, much of which can be misleading, irrelevant, or fails to meet the standards of academic rigour.
It is not always clear who authored the information you are reading. Before using articles found on the web. be sure to verify the credentials and institutional affiliation of the author.
Focus on Open Access journals published by reputable sources such as academic institutions and professional organizations.
Predatory journals can be very tricky to identify and are not reputable. For tips on how to assess whether or not a journal is scholarly and peer reviewed check our tutorial on evaluating information sources
Some information is free but not all. If you are asked to pay for an article, don’t. Fill out an ILL Request and we will get it for you for FREE.
There is nothing wrong with using journal articles you've found on the internet, there's plenty of high quality information out there. But, there are a few things you should know about Academic, Open Access, and Predatory journals before you start.
If you’re new to a subject, reference resources are the perfect place to begin your research.
Resources such as encyclopaedias, handbooks, dictionaries, atlases, and almanacs can provide a concise introduction to a subject and introduce the specialized keywords that will make locating secondary sources more efficient.
Below you will find a listing of print and electronic reference resources to get you started.
eBOOKS
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PRINT BOOKS
Available to all
Place a Request in the catalogue for quick pickup or visit the library to browse the stacks.
OTHER LIBRARIES
You can borrow from them too
Search and Request books from our SAIL partners (U of C, AU, and BVC) from within the STMU catalogue.
Dictionary of Education
EdSpeak: A glossary of education terms, phrases, buzzwords, and jargon
Canadian Geographic indigenous peoples atlas of Canada
Print resource: ATLAS E78.C2 I53 2018
Encyclopaedia of Early Childhood Education
Encyclopaedia of Education
Print resource: REF LB15 .E47 2003
International encyclopaedia of teaching and teacher education
Print resource: REF LB1025.3 .I58 1995
Handbook of research on teaching and learning in K-20 education
Print resource: REF LB1028 .H363 2013
The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences
The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning
Print resource: LB1028.5 .C36 2014
The Routledge International Handbook of Learning
The Routledge International Companion to Multicultural Education
The Routledge International Handbook of Religious Education
The Routledge International Handbook of the Sociology of Education
The Wiley Handbook of Action Research in Education
The Wiley International Handbook of Service-Learning for Social Justice
Print resource: LC220.5 .W554 2018
Handbook of Educational Psychology and Students with Special Needs
The international handbook of collaborative learning
Print resource: LB1032 .I58 2013
Libraries are filled with books! Many prefer holding a hard copy book instead of an electronic version. Don't worry, we have both available depending on what you like best.
Books are ideal information sources to consult when looking for a comprehensive overview of your topic. Don't see what you are looking for? Ask us about InterLibrary Loans to find a book from another library.
Below you will find a listing of the Library of Congress call ranges associated with Education, as well as some suggested subjects and keywords that can be used when searching the library catalogue
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eBOOKS
Click and read
Immediate access anytime,
anywhere
.
PRINT BOOKS
Available to all
Place a Request in the catalogue for quick pickup or visit the library to browse the stacks.
.
OTHER LIBRARIES
You can borrow from them too
Search and Request books from our SAIL partners (U of C, AU, and BVC) from within the STMU catalogue.
If you’re not sure exactly what you’re looking for, you may browse the shelves at the following call number locations:
L 7-991: Education (General)
LA5-2396 History of Education
LB5-3640 Theory and practice of education
LB5-45 General
LB1025-1050.75 Teaching (Principles and practice)
LB1049.9-1050.75 Reading (General)
LB1050.9-1091 Educational psychology
LB1101-1139 Child study
LB1139.2-1139.5 Early childhood education
LB1140-1140.5 Preschool education. Nursery schools
LB1141-1489 Kindergarten
LB1501-1547 Primary education
LB1555-1602 Elementary or public school education
LB2832-2844.1 Teaching personnel
LB3050-3060.87 Educational tests, measurements, evaluations and examinations
LB3525-3575 Special days
LB3602-3640 School life. Student manners and customs
LC8-59 Forms of education
LC65-67.68 Economic aspects of education
LC68-70 Demographic aspects of education
LC71-120.4 Education and the state
LC129-139 Compulsory education
LC142-148.5 Attendance. Dropouts
LC149-161 Literacy. Illiteracy
LC189-214.53 Educational sociology
LC212-212.863 Discrimination in education
LC212.9-212.93 Sex differences in education
LC213-214.53 Educational equalization
LC251-318 Moral education. Character building
LC321-951 Religion and education. Education under church control
LC980-1099.5 Types of education
LC1001-1024 Humanistic education. Liberal education
LC1022-1022.25 Computer-assisted education
LC1025-1027 Collective education
LC1030 Communist education
LC1031-1034.5 Competency based education
LC1035-1035.8 Basic education. Basic skills education
LC1036-1036.8 Community education
LC1037-1037.8 Career education
LC1041-1048 Vocational education (General)
LC1049-1049.8 Cooperative education
LC1051-1072 Professional education
LC1081-1087.4 Industrial education (General)
LC1090-1091 Political education
LC1099-1099.5 Multicultural education (General)
LC1200-1203 Inclusive education
LC1390-5160.3 Education of special classes of persons
Curriculum Development
History of Education
Visual learner
Learning aptitude
Language learning
Teaching strategies
Psychology of learning
Juvenile Fiction
Picture Books
Curriculum planning
Education – history
Teaching methods
Learning, psychology of
Libraries are filled with books! Many prefer holding a hard copy book instead of an electronic version. Don't worry, we have both available depending on what you like best.
Books are ideal information sources to consult when looking for a comprehensive overview of your topic. Don't see what you are looking for? Ask us about InterLibrary Loans to find a book from another library.
Click and read Immediate access anytime, anywhere.
Available to all Place a Request in the catalogue for quick pickup or visit the library to browse the stacks. .
You can borrow from them too Search and Request books from our SAIL partners (U of C, AU, and BVC) from within the STMU catalogue.
The internet has a wealth of information. Explore grey literature, Open Education Resources and digital repositories to discover information about your subject from all over the world. Below you will find a curated list of web resources.
Below you will find a curated list of web resources.
GREY LITERATURE
It’s not always black and white
Grey literature falls into a ‘grey area’ of materials produced outside traditional publishing channels. Learn more about grey literature in the Research Tips tab.
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NEVER PAY
Request and you shall receive
If you have located an article online that the StMU Library does not have access to through our databases and journals, submit an ILL request and we’ll locate a copy at no charge.
New LearnAlberta is Alberta’s bilingual platform for teachers, parents, students, and other education partners to access the 2021 draft Kindergarten to Grade 6 (K–6) curriculum and the current core curriculum. New LearnAlberta will allow users to interact with the curriculum in ways that were not previously possible. Education partners are encouraged to participate in the fine tuning of new LearnAlberta by clicking “Contact Us” and providing feedback.
Find learning resources for Alberta’s Kindergarten to Grade 12 curriculum.
Find optional learning resources for Alberta’s Kindergarten to Grade 12 curriculum.
Find learning resources and educational programming for children prior to entering Grade 1.
The Framework provides a commitment to collaborate, through real partnerships with Indigenous peoples, enabling Indigenous-led early learning and child care programming for their children and families. It points a way to a present and future where Indigenous peoples determine the programs and services their children need and where all Indigenous children grow up in an enriching environment that helps them meet their full potential.
Play, Participation, and Possibilities: An Early Learning and Child Care Framework for Alberta frames curriculum meaning making that highlights the relationships and curriculum decisions shaping responsive practices in early learning and child care communities. It is a guide for early childhood educators to use in their everyday work with young children and their families in Alberta. It builds on early learning and child care frameworks that have been developed in other parts of Canada and around the world, in particular theNew Brunswick Framework for Early Learning and Child Care —English.
Math (K-6): https://education.alberta.ca/mathematics-k-6/program-of-studies/https://illuminations.nctm.org/Lessons-Activities.aspx
Phys Ed: https://education.alberta.ca/physical-education/program-of-studies/
Science (K-6): https://education.alberta.ca/science-k-6/program-of-studies/
Social Studies (K-6): https://education.alberta.ca/social-studies-k-6/programs-of-study/?searchMode=3
English Languages Arts (K-6): https://education.alberta.ca/english-language-arts-k-6/?searchMode=3
Fine Arts (1-6): https://education.alberta.ca/fine-arts-1-6/
French as a Second Language (4-6): https://education.alberta.ca/french-as-a-second-language-4-6/
Primary (K-3): https://education.alberta.ca/primary-grades-k-3/primary-grades-k-3/
International Languages (K-6): https://education.alberta.ca/international-languages-k-6/
English as a Second Language (K-6): https://education.alberta.ca/english-as-a-second-language-k-6/
Career and Technology Foundations (5-9): https://education.alberta.ca/career-and-technology-foundations/
Health and Life Skills (K-9): https://education.alberta.ca/health-and-life-skills/
This collection of free lesson plans and resources is aimed at K-12 literacy. Search for resources by grade, printouts, calendar activities, and student interactives.
The BCTF site includes free, downloadable lesson plans, classroom resources, and posters, which you can filter by resource type/topic and grade.
This website is dedicated to helping teachers and educators with inquiry-based learning for all subjects.
Walking Together: First Nations, Métis and Inuit Perspectives in Curriculum is an online resource intended for educators who want to include indigenous perspectives in their classrooms.
This resource helps teachers connect their students to forests through 100 forest concepts organized by the following themes: what is a forest? Why do forests matter? How do we sustain our forests? What is our responsibility to forests?
This website provides a variety of K-12 classroom resources both free and email-subscriber based.
Although it is no longer updated, this website includes a well-organized selection of picture books based on classroom themes and topics.
This website is aimed at teachers and educators, filled with interesting articles that talk about broad topics in education and grade-specific ideas for lesson and curriculum planning.
ATA has a number of resources to explore, including ones aimed at beginning teachers, such as classroom management books and resources.
CanTeach provides primary education educators with free resources for different subjects, including a collection of Songs & Poems, Recipes, and First Nations perspectives.
ESL Kid Stuff is an excellent resource for teaching English to students, and their lesson plans are free to download. Access to additional resources (flashcards, worksheets, craft templates, and songs) requires a paid membership.
A to Z Teacher Stuff is a website developed by teachers for teachers, to provide access to lesson plans, thematic units, and downloadable teaching materials and printouts.
ATA has compiled a web guide for curriculum subjects grouped by grade and topic, and includes links to activities, YouTube videos, and resources.
El Deafo by Cece Bell (PZ7.7 .B45 El 2014)
https://www.abramsbooks.com/pdfs/academic/El_Deafo_TeachingGuide.pdf
Wonder by R.J. Palacio (PZ7 .P35 Wo 2014)
https://wonderthebook.com/assets/downloadables/Wonder_EG_2014_WEB_2.pdf
Bridge to Terabithia by Katherine Paterson (PZ7 .P377 Br 2017)
http://files.harpercollins.com/PDF/TeachingGuides/0064401847.pdf
Hatchet by Gary Paulsen (PZ7.P38 Hat 1987)
https://www.riversidesd.com/cms/lib/PA02209672/Centricity/Domain/36/HatchetNovelStudyBookGuide.pdf
Holes by Louis Sachar (PZ7 .S33 Ho 2018)
https://www.scholastic.com/content/dam/teachers/lesson-plans/migrated-files-in-body/holes-bookfiles.pdf
Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of NIMH by Robert C. O’Brien (PZ10.3 .O27 Mr 1986)
https://www.reednovelstudies.org/downloads/Mrs._Frisby_and_The_Rats_of_NIMH_Novel_Study_Preview.pdf\
A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L’Engle (PZ7 .L463 Wr 2007)
https://www.madeleinelengle.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Wrinkle-in-time-guide-12.14-1.pdf
A Wrinkle in Time (Graphic Novel) by Madeleine L’Engle & Hope Larson (PZ7.7 .L37 W75 2015)
https://www.madeleinelengle.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Wrinkle-in-time-guide-12.14-1.pdf
Canada Provincial Curriculums
Northwest Territories: JK-12 School Curriculum | Education, Culture and Employment (gov.nt.ca)
Newfoundland & Labrador: https://www.gov.nl.ca/education/childcare/
New Brunswick: https://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/biling/eecd-edpe.html
PEI: https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/en/information/education-early-learning-and-culture/early-learning-framework
Quebec: http://www.education.gouv.qc.ca/en/teachers/quebec-education-program/
Ontario: https://www.ontario.ca/page/provide-child-care-and-early-years-programs
Manitoba: https://www.gov.mb.ca/education/childcare/
Saskatchewan: https://www.saskatchewan.ca/government/education-and-child-care-facility-administration/training-and-workshops-for-early-childhood-education/play-and-exploration-workshops
BC: https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/education-training/early-learning/teach/early-learning-framework
It's not always black and whiteGrey literature falls into a 'grey area' of materials produced outside traditional publishing channels. Learn more about grey literature in the Research Tips tab.
Request and you shall receive If you have located an article online that the StMU Library does not have access to through our databases and journals, submit an ILL request and we'll locate a copy at no charge.
Many electronic resources, such as the Library catalogue and academic databases, offer citation generation tools to automatically generate citations in your chosen style. Be sure to always verify the accuracy of the citation as sometimes this information is incorrect or improperly formatted. Below you will find a selection of citing and writing resources.
ACS (American Chemical Society)
APA (American Psychological Association)
APS (American Physical Society)
Print resource on Course Reserve. Please visit the Library information desk. Council of Science Editors Style Guide
Print resource on Course Reserve. Please visit the Library information desk.
Chicago/TurabianPrint resource on Course Reserve. Please visit the Library information desk
IEEE Style Manual (PDF)This style is commonly used for Electrical and Computer Engineering.
MLA (Modern Language Association)Print resource on Course Reserve. Please visit the Library information desk.
Writing Resources for Subject
Essay do's and don'ts : a practical guide to essay writing
Print resource: General Reserves PE1408 .E54 2017
The Purdue Online Writing Lab The Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University houses writing resources and instructional material and we provide these as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue. Students, members of the community and users worldwide will find information to assist with many writing projects.
Style guides are updated regularly to keep pace with the changing nature of information, but instructors don't always adopt the most current guideline right away.
Check out the academic writing series offered by the Learning Centre and master the citation styles used in your field of study.
Many electronic resources, such as the Library catalogue and academic databases, offer citation generation tools to automatically generate citations in the style of your choice. Be sure to always verify the accuracy of the citation as sometimes this information is incorrect or improperly formatted. Below you will find a selection of citing and writing resources. . STAY CURRENT Use the edition stated in your syllabus Style guides are updated regularly to keep pace with the changing nature of information, but instructors don't always adopt the most current guideline right away. . GET HELP Set yourself up for success Check out the academic writing series offered by the Learning Centre and master the citation styles used in your field of study.
ACS (American Chemical Society)
APA (American Psychological Association)
APS (American Physical Society)
Print resource on Course Reserve. Please visit the Library information desk.
Council of Science Editors Style Guide
Print resource on Course Reserve. Please visit the Library information desk.
Chicago/Turabian
Print resource on Course Reserve. Please visit the Library information desk.
IEEE Style Manual (PDF)
This style is commonly used for Electrical and Computer Engineering.
MLA (Modern Language Association)
Print resource on Course Reserve. Please visit the Library information desk.
Daily planning for today’s classroom : a guide for writing lesson and activity plans
Print Resource: Oversize LB1027.4 .P73 2003
The Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University houses writing resources and instructional material, and we provide these as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue. Students, members of the community, and users worldwide will find information to assist with many writing projects.
Research Tips Searching academic databases and library catalogues isn't like searching a browser on the web. To get relevant results, searches must be limited to keywords and subjects, and then joined using Boolean terms. Below you will find some tips on using Boolean terms with examples tailored to Biology, as well as descriptions of the different types of resources that may be encountered when searching. . CONNECT WITH US We'll help you get started Reach out via phone, email, MS Teams, or in person and we'd be happy to assist with any of your research and resource needs.
Use Boolean search operators AND, OR, and NOT to combine terms and create more accurate searches. This is particularly helpful when you are searching for resources on broader topics, information in a wide variety of formats, and if you don’t know the exact Library of Congress subject heading or title you are searching for.
The Boolean operator AND tells the catalogue to only return results containing all of the specified search terms.
“Online learning” AND MOOC
reading AND activities AND “self assessment”
The operator AND can be used to combine two or more terms, and can be used in conjunction with other Boolean operators such as truncation and nested terms.
Truncation is a method of broadening a search to include variable word endings. Use the * symbol at the end of a word, or the last point of change, to tell the catalogue to search for multiple word endings.
peda*
will search for pedagogy, and pedagogical
teach*
will search for teaching, teacher and teach
The operator OR will also broaden searches as it tells the catalogue to return results with either or all of terms entered into a query.
MOOC OR “massive open online course”
will return results containing both the acronym and the full word
Nested Terms is the practice of using brackets, or parenthesis, to determine an order of operations similar to mathematical equations. The catalogue will parse the instructions with the brackets first and then combine the terms with all other operators.
Assessments AND (exams OR “peer assessment” OR grad* OR evaluations)
Use quotes around a phrase or concept to indicate that those terms must be kept together when searching.
“educational development”
“construction of knowledge” AND learning
Large sets of search results can be limited using the operator NOT. This operator tells the catalogue to exclude results containing a certain term.
“educational tech*” AND “middle school” NOT “high school”
From your results, select useful titles and click on the hyperlinked Subjects to find other books and articles on your topic.
These are articles reporting on original research and include elements such as a hypothesis, background studies, literature reviews, detailed methodologies, results, interpretations of findings, and discussions on possible implications and future research. Original research articles are typically longer, ranging from 3, 000 – 12, 000 words. These articles are peer reviewed and cite relevant publications from other authors that relate to the research being conducted.
These articles report on the in-depth study of a specific person, group, or event. They are used in a variety of fields such as psychology, medicine, education, political science, and social work in order to seek patterns and causes of behaviour.
A literature review is a systematic summary and synthesis of what has been published on a topic by accredited scholars and researchers. They frequently convey what knowledge and ideas have been established on a topic, as well as critically assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the field. They will often lack a ‘Methods’ section, though they are often peer reviewed.
These reviews are often designed to provide an exhaustive summary of current evidence in relation to a specific research question, synthesize findings qualitatively or quantitatively, and critically appraise research studies. Systematic reviews use rigorous and transparent review methodologies with the aim of assessing and minimizing bias in the findings.
A meta-analysis is a statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple scientific studies addressing the same question. The primary aim is to use statistical analyses to determine common truths. Meta-analyses can be part of a broader systematic review.
Including letters to the editor, correspondences, short communications, editorials, pictorial essays
Broadly speaking, gray literature is information produced outside of the traditional academic publishing and distribution systems such as academic journals and monographs. Gray literature can include reports, policies, working papers, newsletters, speeches, government documents, and more.
As grey literature is produced directly by an individual or organization, for their own either use or wider sharing, it is often more current than academic publications as it is not subject to the delays found in traditional publishing processes.
As grey literature does not go through a rigorous peer review process the quality can vary significantly, and it is recommended that these sources be critically evaluated.
Technical reports
These can include scientific studies conducted by Government agencies and NGO which are often not peer reviewed. These types of reports can be found in both scholarly databases and freely on the web.